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- *******************
- * Globins profile *
- *******************
-
- Globins are heme containing proteins involved in the binding and/or transport
- of oxygen [1]. They belong to a very large and well studied family which is
- widely distributed in many organisms. The major groups of globins are:
-
- - Hemoglobins (Hb) from vertebrates. Hb is the protein responsible for the
- transport of oxygen from the lungs to the other tissues. It is a tetramer
- of two alpha and two beta chains. Most vertebrate species also express
- specific embryonic or fetal form of hemoglobins where the alpha or the beta
- chains are replaced by a chain with a higher oxygen affinity. For example,
- in mammals, the gamma, delta, epsilon and zeta chains.
- - Myoglobins (Mg) from vertebrates. Mg is responsible for oxygen storage in
- muscles. It is a monomeric protein.
- - Invertebrate globins [2]. A wide variety of globins are found in
- invertebrates. Molluscs generally have one or two muscle globins which are
- either monomeric or dimeric. Insects, such as the midge Chironomus thummi,
- have a large set of extracellular globins. Nematodes and annelids have a
- variety of intracellular and extracellular globins; some of them are multi-
- domain polypeptides (from two up to nine-domain globins) and some produce
- large, disulfide bonded, aggregates.
- - Leghemoglobins (Lg) from the root nodules of leguminous plants. Lg provides
- oxygen to the bacteroids.
- - Flavohemoproteins from bacteria (Escherichia coli hmpA) and fungi [3].
- These protein consist of two distinct domains: a N-terminal globin domain
- and a C-terminal FAD-containing reductase domain. In some bacteria, such as
- Vitreoscilla, the enzyme-associated globin is a single domain protein.
- - Monomeric hemoglobins from protozoa (P.caudatum, T.pyriformis and
- T.thermophila) and from a cyanobacteria (N.commune) [3].
-
- All these globins seem to have evolved from a common ancestor, except for the
- protozoan/cyanobacterial globins [3]. The profile developed to detect members
- of the globin family is based on a structural alignment of selected globin
- sequences.
-
- -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the profile: ALL.
- -Other sequence(s) detected in SWISS-PROT: NONE.
- -Last update: June 1994 / First entry.
-
- [ 1] Concise Encyclopedia Biochemistry, Second Edition, Walter de Gruyter,
- Berlin New-York (1988).
- [ 2] Goodman M., Pedwaydon J., Czelusniak J., Suzuki T., Gotoh T., Moens L.,
- Shishikura F., Walz D., Vinogradov S.
- J. Mol. Evol. 27:236-249(1988).
- [ 3] Takagi T.
- Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 3:413-418(1993).
-